Group 7: Writing and Careful Thinking#

Theme: A student learns how to organize research and think carefully on paper.

project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ noun

1. A project is a detailed study of a subject by a pupil or student, usually over a period of time.
2. A project is a carefully planned piece of work that is designed to achieve a particular aim.

paper /ˈpeɪpə/ noun

1. A paper is a serious, detailed piece of writing about an academic subject, which is written by a scholar or researcher.
2. Paper is a material that you write on or wrap things with, made from thin sheets of wood pulp.

thesis /ˈθiːsɪs/ noun

1. A thesis is a long piece of academic writing that you do as part of an advanced university degree such as a master’s or a doctorate.
2. A thesis is an idea or theory that is expressed in a logical way and supported by evidence.

dissertation /ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn/ noun

1. A dissertation is a long, formal piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that you write for a university degree.

essay /ˈeseɪ/ noun

1. An essay is a short piece of writing on a particular subject, written by a student as part of their studies.
2. An essay is a short piece of non-fiction writing published in a book or magazine that explores a particular topic.

outset /ˈaʊtset/ noun

1. If something happens at or from the outset of an event or process, it happens at the very beginning of it.

heading /ˈhedɪŋ/ noun

1. A heading is the words written or printed at the top of a text or section as a title.

outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ noun

1. An outline is a general description or plan that gives the main facts or points of something, without detailed information.
2. The outline of something is the shape of its outer edge or boundary.

introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ verb

1. To introduce someone means to tell them another person’s name when they meet for the first time.
2. To introduce something new, such as a system, idea, or product, means to start using it, make it available, or bring it into existence.

gist /dʒɪst/ noun

1. The gist of a speech, conversation, or piece of writing is the general meaning of it, without the details.

point /pɔɪnt/ noun

1. A point is an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is stated in a discussion or piece of writing.
2. The point of something is its aim, purpose, or usefulness.

opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ noun

1. Your opinion about something is what you think or believe about it, rather than what is necessarily true.
2. Your opinion of someone or something is your judgment or estimation of their worth, character, or qualities.

extract /ˈekstrækt/ noun

1. An extract from a book, speech, or piece of music is a short part that is taken from it.

abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ noun adjective verb

1. An abstract is a short summary of the main points of a book, speech, or academic article.
2. An abstract idea or concept is based on general principles rather than on real things or specific examples.

summary /ˈsʌməri/ noun

1. A summary of something is a short statement or written account that gives only the main points.

cite /saɪt/ verb

1. If you cite something, you quote it or mention it as an example or to support your argument, especially in an academic work.

reference /ˈrefrəns/ noun

1. A reference is a mention of someone or something in a speech or piece of writing.
2. A reference is a letter written by someone who knows you, describing your character and abilities, especially to a potential employer.

quote /kwəʊt/ verb

1. If you quote someone, you repeat the exact words that they have said or written.
2. If someone quotes a price for a job or product, they say how much they will charge for it.

assume /əˈsjuːm/ verb

1. If you assume that something is true, you accept it as true without having any proof.
2. If you assume a responsibility, control, or power, you take it upon yourself or begin to exercise it.

presume /prɪˈzjuːm/ verb

1. If you presume that something is true, you assume that it is true, although you cannot be certain.

hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ noun

1. A hypothesis is an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved.

suppose /səˈpəʊz/ verb

1. If you suppose that something is true, you think that it is likely to be true, although you cannot be sure.

postulate /ˈpɒstjʊleɪt/ verb noun

1. If you postulate something, you suggest it as the basis for a theory, argument, or calculation.
2. A postulate is an idea or principle that is taken to be true as the basis for an argument or theory.

speculate /ˈspɛkjʊleɪt/ verb

1. If you speculate about something, you make guesses about its nature or causes without having enough information to be certain.

predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ verb

1. If you predict an event, you say that you think it will happen.

elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ verb

1. If you elicit information or a reaction from someone, you succeed in getting it from them, usually by asking questions or prompting them.

conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/ adjective

1. If you are conscious of something, you notice it or are aware of it.
2. Someone who is conscious is awake and able to think, see, and understand what is happening around them.

discern /dɪˈsɜːn/ verb

1. If you discern something, you notice or understand it clearly, especially after thinking carefully or looking closely.

detect /dɪˈtɛkt/ verb

1. If you detect something, you notice or discover it, especially something that is difficult to see, hear, or find.

perceive /pəˈsiːv/ verb

1. If you perceive something, you notice it or become aware of it, often through your senses.

recognise /ˈrɛkəɡnaɪz/ verb

1. If you recognise someone or something, you know who or what they are because you have seen, heard, or experienced them before.

reckon /ˈrɛkən/ verb

1. If you reckon that something is true, you think or believe that it is true.

deem /diːm/ verb

1. If you deem something to be in a particular state or condition, you consider or judge that it is in that state.

imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ verb

1. If you imply that something is the case, you suggest it without saying it directly.

deliberate /dɪˈlɪbəreɪt/ verb adjective

1. If you deliberate, you think about something very carefully, usually before making an important decision.
2. If you do something in a deliberate way, you do it slowly and carefully.

represent /ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/ verb

1. If a sign, picture, or symbol represents something, it stands for it or is an image of it.

persist /pəˈsɪst/ verb

1. If something unpleasant persists, it continues to exist.
2. If you persist in doing something, you continue to do it, even though it is difficult or other people oppose it.

insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ verb

1. If you insist that something is true, you say firmly that it is true, especially when other people doubt you or disagree.
2. If you insist on something, you demand that it must be done.

understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ verb

1. If you understand someone or something, you know what they mean, how they work, or why they happen.

comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnd/ verb

1. If you comprehend something, you understand it completely.

analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ verb

1. If you analyse something, you examine it in detail in order to understand it or explain what it is like.

diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ verb

1. If someone diagnoses an illness or problem, they identify what it is by examining the symptoms or signs.

infer /ɪnˈfɜː/ verb

1. If you infer something that has not been said or shown directly, you decide that it is true on the basis of the facts or information that you have.

deduce /dɪˈdjuːs/ verb

1. If you deduce something, you reach a conclusion about it because of other things that you know to be true.

analogy /əˈnælədʒi/ noun

1. If you make an analogy between two things, you show that they are similar in some ways.

compare /kəmˈpeə/ verb

1. If you compare things, you consider them in order to discover how they are similar and how they are different.
2. If you compare one thing to another, you describe it as being similar to that other thing.

contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ noun

1. A contrast is a great difference between two or more things which is clear when you see or compare them together.

overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ verb

1. If two subjects, ideas, or periods of time overlap, they have some parts or aspects in common.

contradiction /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃn/ noun

1. A contradiction is a situation, statement, or idea that consists of two or more things that are completely opposite to each other and cannot both be true.

conclude /kənˈkluːd/ verb

1. If you conclude that something is true, you decide that it is true after considering all the facts.
2. When an event or piece of writing concludes, or when you conclude it, it ends.