Group 2: Heritage, Religion, and Royalty#

Theme: A young researcher discovers the layers of rulers and faith buried in an old valley.

museum /mjuːˈziːəm/ noun

1. A museum is a building where a large number of interesting and valuable objects, such as works of art or historical items, are kept and displayed to the public.

archaeology /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ noun

1. Archaeology is the study of the societies and people of the past by examining the remains of their buildings, tools, and other objects.

excavate /ˈekskəveɪt/ verb

1. If an archaeologist excavates an ancient site, they dig carefully to uncover bones, buildings, or other objects from the past.
2. To excavate means to remove earth or rock in order to make a hole or channel in the ground.

antique /ænˈtiːk/ noun adjective

1. An antique is an old object such as a piece of furniture or jewellery that is valuable because of its age and quality.
2. Antique furniture, jewellery, or other objects are old and often valuable.

pottery /ˈpɒtəri/ noun

1. Pottery consists of pots, dishes, and other objects that are made of baked clay.
2. Pottery is the craft or activity of making pots and dishes out of clay.

decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ verb

1. If you decorate something, you make it look more attractive by putting things on it or around it.
2. If you decorate a room or building, you paint it or put wallpaper on the walls.

engrave /ɪnˈɡreɪv/ verb

1. If you engrave something, you carve or cut words or designs into a hard surface such as metal, stone, or wood.

chronology /krəˈnɒlədʒi/ noun

1. The chronology of a series of past events is the order in which they happened.
2. A chronology is an account or record of the events that happened in a particular period of time, listed in the order in which they occurred.

emperor /ˈempərə/ noun

1. An emperor is a man who rules an empire.

empire /ˈempaɪə/ noun

1. An empire is a number of individual nations or territories that are all controlled by the government or ruler of one particular country.

imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ adjective

1. Imperial is used to refer to things that are related to an empire, an emperor, or an empress.

dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ noun

1. A dynasty is a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family.

temple /ˈtempl/ noun

1. A temple is a building used for the worship of a god or gods, especially in religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, or Sikhism.

pagoda /pəˈɡəʊdə/ noun

1. A pagoda is a tall Buddhist temple or sacred building, usually in the form of a tower with many levels, each of which has a curved roof.

religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ noun

1. Religion is a particular system of belief in a god or gods and the activities connected with this belief.
2. Religion is belief in the existence of a god or gods.

belief /bɪˈliːf/ noun

1. A belief is a feeling of certainty that something exists, is true, or is good.
2. Your beliefs are the ideas or religious principles that you accept as true.

monk /mʌŋk/ noun

1. A monk is a member of a male religious community that is usually separate from the rest of society.

spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ noun

1. Your spirit is the non-physical part of you, comprising your mind, emotions, and character.
2. A spirit is a supernatural being, such as a ghost or an angel.

soul /səʊl/ noun

1. Your soul is the part of you that is not physical and that many people believe continues to exist after you die.
2. You can refer to someone’s soul when talking about their inner character, thoughts, or feelings.

king /kɪŋ/ noun

1. A king is a man who rules a country because he is from a royal family.

queen /kwiːn/ noun

1. A queen is a woman who rules a country because she is from a royal family, or a woman who is married to a king.

prince /prɪns/ noun

1. A prince is a male member of a royal family, especially the son or grandson of a king or queen.

princess /ˌprɪnˈses/ noun

1. A princess is a female member of a royal family, especially the daughter or granddaughter of a king or queen, or the wife of a prince.

etiquette /ˈetɪket/ noun

1. Etiquette is the set of rules or customs that control accepted and polite behaviour in a particular society, group, or social situation.

nobility /nəʊˈbɪləti/ noun

1. The nobility is the group of people in a country who belong to the highest social class and have titles such as ‘duke’ or ‘countess’.
2. If you refer to someone’s nobility, you admire their high moral standards and qualities.

lord /lɔːd/ noun

1. In Britain, a lord is a man who has a high social rank and a title such as ‘Earl’ or ‘Baron’, or it is used as a respectful form of address for such a man.
2. In the Christian religion, God or Jesus Christ is often referred to as the Lord.

majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/ noun

1. You use Majesty when you are speaking to or about a king or queen.
2. The majesty of something is its impressive beauty or dignity.

knight /naɪt/ noun verb

1. In the Middle Ages, a knight was a man of noble birth who was trained to fight on horseback.
2. If someone is knighted, they are given a knighthood by the king or queen, which gives them the title ‘Sir’ before their name.

guardian /ˈɡɑːdiən/ noun adjective

1. A guardian is someone who is legally responsible for looking after a child or the property of a child whose parents are dead or unable to care for them.
2. You can refer to people, things, or spirits as guardian if they protect someone or something.

church /tʃɜːtʃ/ noun

1. A church is a building where Christians go to worship God.

cathedral /kəˈθiːdrəl/ noun

1. A cathedral is a very large and important church which is the main church of a diocese.

missionary /ˈmɪʃənəri/ noun

1. A missionary is a person who is sent to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity and try to persuade them to become Christians.

Bible /ˈbaɪbl/ noun

1. The Bible is the holy book of the Christian religion, consisting of the Old and New Testaments.

priest /priːst/ noun

1. A priest is a person who is qualified to lead religious services and perform sacred rites, especially in the Christian Church.
2. In some non-Christian religions, a priest is someone who has special duties in a temple or performs religious ceremonies.

ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ noun

1. A ritual is a formal procedure or ceremony that is always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religion.
2. A ritual is also a set of actions that someone always carries out in the same way.

bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/ noun

1. A bishop is a senior priest or Christian official who is in charge of all the churches and priests in a particular district or diocese.

Pope /pəʊp/ noun

1. The Pope is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Bishop of Rome.

holy /ˈhəʊli/ adjective

1. Something that is holy is considered to be connected to a god and is respected and protected for religious reasons.
2. A holy person is someone who lives a life dedicated to religion and is very pure and good.

hallowed /ˈhæləʊd/ adjective

1. Something that is hallowed is respected and admired very much because it is holy or has great historical importance.

choir /ˈkwaɪə/ noun

1. A choir is a group of people who sing together, for example in a church service.

sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/ adjective

1. Something that is sacred is considered to be holy and connected with a god or religion.
2. You can describe something as sacred if it is regarded as too important or respected to be changed or harmed.

royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adjective

1. Royal is used to describe something that belongs or relates to a king or queen or their family.
2. If you describe something as royal, you mean that it is grand, impressive, or suitable for a king or queen.